Early days slipknot

Slipknot was formed in Des Moines, Iowa, in September 1995 when drummer Shawn Crahan and bassist Paul Gray started a band named The Pale Ones.^[3] The lineup was made up of friends who met through the local music scene, including vocalist Anders Colsefni and guitarist Donnie Steele.^[3]Not long after their inception, Gray invited Joey Jordison to a rehearsal because the band were interested in experimenting with additional drum elements. Jordison subsequently joined the band as their main drummer, moving Crahan to custom percussion.^[3] Furthermore, Colsefni also took up custom percussion while remaining the band's vocalist. The band then decided to invite Josh Brainard as their second guitarist, bringing their lineup to six members.^[4] On December 4, the band made their live debut; playing a benefit show using the name Meld.^[5]

Much of the band's early development was retrospectively attributed to late-night planning sessions between Gray, Crahan and Jordison at a Sinclairgas station where Jordison worked nights. It was there, in late 1995, that Jordison suggested changing the band name to Slipknot after their song of the same name.^[4] In December, Slipknot began recording material at SR Audio, a studio in the band's hometown.^[6] Without a recording budget, the band were forced to self-finance the project, the costs of which came to an estimated $40,000.^[7] In February 1996, guitarist Donnie Steele decided to leave Slipknot due to his Christian beliefs. When questioned in 1999 about Steele's departure, Jordison explained: "we were prepared to keep him on, but he didn't want to stay." During the mixing stages of their project at SR Audio, Craig Jones was recruited as Steele's replacement on guitar.^[8] However, throughout their time in the studio, the band were adding samples to their recordings but could not produce these sounds live. Subsequently, Jones became the band's sampler and Mick Thomson was brought in as the replacement guitarist.^[9] After a complicated time with mixing and mastering, the band self-released Mate. Feed. Kill. Repeat. on Halloween, October 31, 1996.^[10]

Deep purple

Deep Purple are an English rock band formed in Hertford in 1968. They are considered to be among the pioneers of heavy metal and modernhard rock, although their musical approach changed over the years. Originally formed as a progressive rock band, the band's sound shifted to hard rock in 1970. Deep Purple, together with Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath, have been referred to as the "unholy trinity of British hard rock and heavy metal in the early to mid-Seventies" They were listed in the 1975 Guinness Book of World Records as "the globe's loudest band" for a 1972 concert at London's Rainbow Theatre, and have sold over 100 million albums worldwide, including 8 million certified units in the US.

The band has gone through many line-up changes and an eight-year hiatus (1976–1984). The 1968–1976 line-ups are commonly labelled Mark I, II, III and IV. Their second and most commercially successful line-up featured Ian Gillan (vocals), Jon Lord (organ), Roger Glover (bass),Ian Paice (drums), and Ritchie Blackmore (guitar). This line-up was active from 1969 to 1973, and was revived from 1984 to 1989, and again from 1992 to 1993. The band achieved more modest success in the intervening periods between 1968 and 1969 with the line-up including Rod Evans(vocals) and Nick Simper (bass, backing vocals), between 1974 and 1976 (Tommy Bolin replacing Blackmore in 1975) with the line-up includingDavid Coverdale (vocals) and Glenn Hughes (bass, vocals), and between 1989 and 1992 with the line-up including Joe Lynn Turner (vocals). The band's line-up (currently featuring Ian Gillan, and guitarist Steve Morse from 1994) has been much more stable in recent years, although organist Jon Lord's retirement from the band in 2002 (being succeeded by Don Airey) left Ian Paice as the only original Deep Purple member still in the band.

Deep Purple were ranked number 22 on VH1's Greatest Artists of Hard Rock programme and a British radio station Planet Rock poll ranked them 5th among the "most influential bands ever". At the 2011 Classic Rock Awards in London, they received the Innovator Award. In October 2012, Deep Purple were nominated for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Enigma early days

Enigma's first two studio albums also led to the creation and popularity of bands and musical groups that follow similar styles, often called "Enigmatic Music". The first album was named as one of the most important and influential albums of mainstream^[8] New Age music. The album not only popularized the "Enigmatic" music style but also introduced some technical changes in music production. With MCMXC a.D., Michael Cretu developed the technical features and intentions of sampling. Though samples were in use long before (introduced by such musicians as Jean-Michel Jarre, Klaus Schulze and others), Cretu built his own music around whole sequences of previously recorded parts. His method was not remixing and remodeling, but rather recontextualisation – by changing a piece of music’s natural environment. This was a new way of composing and creating albums, which was adopted by some Hip-Hop artists, electronic music producers, and even Rock producers as well. It was also one of the first albums to be recorded directly to hard drive. Furthermore, MCMXC a.D. was arguably one of the first steps in a series of developments which would eradicate the division between mainstream and underground music.^[9]

Era and Gregorian (led by former Enigma member Frank Peterson) are among some notable groups which capitalized songs which heavily incorporate Gregorian chants in their works. Enigma and Deep Forest are also to be considered by many to have brought the tribal chant genre to the ears of the public. Achillea, a musical project by arranger and guitarist on several Enigma albums,Jens Gad, features music with similar atmospherics, while featuring female vocals in different languages, with different singers from different parts of the world. Enigma also influenced Christopher von Deylen's musical project Schiller. The influence can be heard in any album by the band. Cretu's musical project is also included into the list of influences of Schiller.^[10]

Critics^[who?] and fans^[who?] have noted down the probable influences if not similarities of Enigma and the works of other notable musicians. Some examples include PR MRS Delerium's Semantic Spaces album, Mike Oldfield's albums, The Songs of Distant Earth and Tubular Bells III, all B-Tribe's albums as well as other Claus Zundel projects and Sarah Brightman's cover ofHooverphonic's song, "Eden".

Pink floyd

Pink Floyd were an English rock band that achieved international acclaim with their progressive and psychedelic music. Distinguished by their use of philosophical lyrics, sonic experimentation, and elaborate live shows, they are one of the most commercially successful and musically influential groups in the history of popular music.

Founded in 1965, the band originally consisted of students Syd Barrett, Nick Mason, Roger Waters, and Richard Wright. They first gained popularity performing in London's underground music scene during the late 1960s, and under Barrett's creative leadership they released two charting singles and a successful debut album. David Gilmour joined as a fifth member in December 1967, and Barrett left the band in April 1968 due to his deteriorating mental health. After Barrett's departure, Waters became the band's primary lyricist and by the mid-1970s, their dominant songwriter, devising the original concepts behind their critically and commercially acclaimed albums The Dark Side of the Moon (1973), Wish You Were Here (1975), Animals(1977), The Wall (1979) and The Final Cut (1983).

Wright left Pink Floyd in 1979, followed by Waters in 1985. Gilmour and Mason continued as Pink Floyd and Wright subsequently joined them as a paid musician. They continued to record and tour through 1994; two more albums followed, A Momentary Lapse of Reason (1987) and The Division Bell (1994). Inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996, and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005, as of 2013 they have sold more than 250 million records worldwide, including 74.5 million certified units in the United States.

After nearly two decades of acrimony, they reunited in 2005 for a performance at the global awareness event Live 8. Barrett died in 2006 and Wright in 2008. In 2011, Gilmour and Mason joined Waters at one of his The Wall Tour shows at The O2 Arena in London.

Rise of scorpians

In 1974, the new line-up of Scorpions released Fly to the Rainbow. The album proved to be more successful than Lonesome Crow and songs such as "Speedy's Coming" and the title track established the band's sound. Achim Kirschning decided to leave after the recordings. Soon after, Jürgen Rosenthal had to leave as he was being drafted into the army. In 1976, he would join a German progressive rock band called Eloy recording three albums. He was replaced by a Belgian drummer, Rudy Lenners.

In 1975, the band released In Trance, which marked the beginning of Scorpions' long collaboration with German producer Dieter Dierks. The album was a huge step forward for Scorpions and established their heavy metal formula. It garnered a fan base at home and abroad with cuts such as "In Trance", "Dark Lady" and "Robot Man".

In 1976, Scorpions released Virgin Killer. The album's cover featured a nude prepubescent girl behind a broken pane of glass. The cover art was designed by Stefan Bohle who was the product manager for RCA Records,^[15] their label at the time. The cover brought the band considerable market exposure but was subsequently pulled or replaced in other countries. The album itself garnered demographic praise for its music from select critics and fan base.

The following year, Rudy Lenners resigned for personal reasons and was replaced by Herman Rarebell.

For the follow-up Taken by Force, RCA Records made a determined effort to promote the album in stores and on the radio. The album's single, "Steamrock Fever", was added to some of RCA's radio promotional records. Roth was not happy with the commercial direction the band was taking. Although he performed on the band's Japan tour, he departed to form his own band, Electric Sunprior to the release of the resultant double live album Tokyo Tapes. Tokyo Tapes was released in the US and Europe six months after its Japanese release. By that time in mid 1978, after auditioning around 140 guitarists, Scorpions recruited guitarist Matthias Jabs.

Led Zeppelin

Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968. The band consisted of guitarist Jimmy Page, singer Robert Plant, bassist and keyboardist John Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham. The group's heavy, guitar-driven sound, rooted in blues on their early albums, has drawn them recognition as one of the progenitors of heavy metal, though their unique style drew from a wide variety of influences, including folk music.

After changing their name from the New Yardbirds, Led Zeppelin signed a deal with Atlantic Records that afforded them considerable artistic freedom. Although the group was initially unpopular with critics, they achieved significant commercial success with albums such as Led Zeppelin (1969), Led Zeppelin II (1969), Led Zeppelin III (1970), their untitled fourth album (1971), Houses of the Holy (1973), and Physical Graffiti (1975). Their fourth album, which features the track "Stairway to Heaven", is among the most popular and influential works in rock music, and it helped to cement the popularity of the group.

Page wrote most of the music early in Led Zeppelin's career, while Plant generally supplied the songs' lyrics. Jones' keyboard-based compositions later became central to the group's music, and their later albums featured greater experimentation. The latter half of the band's career saw a series ofrecord-breaking tours that earned them a reputation for excess and debauchery. Although they remained commercially and critically successful, their output and touring schedule were limited in the late 1970s, and the group disbanded following Bonham's death from alcohol-related asphyxia in 1980. In the decades since, the surviving members have sporadically collaborated and participated in one-off Led Zeppelin reunions. The most successful of these was at the 2007 Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert in London, with Jason Bonham taking his late father's place behind the drums.

Nepali rock

The history of rock music in Nepal dates back to the 70s when there were a few acts influenced by Western bands such as The Beatles, the Rolling Stones, The Doors, Jimi Hendrix, and later Led Zeppelin, The Who, the Grateful Dead, Pink Floyd, Iron Maiden, Deep Purple and Bob Marley. Bands in Kathmandu consisted mostly of people from Darjeeling (now a Indian state which used to be of Nepal until 1815 A.D) , who got close with the hippies to the extent that guitars and records were bought from them. Prism, who formed in 1976, was one of the earlier bands to start playing English songs. The members of Prism are still active playing either in other bands or in hotels and restaurants, and they still reunite sometimes as "Prism" to play on some special occasions.

Most of the bands did not record any of the originals during the 70s and 80s but things gradually started to change with bands such as The Influence and Crossroads. These bands introduced pop-rock elements to the Nepali music scene. Both bands released quite a few albums and were very popular at the time. These records were monumental in encouraging bands to record their own original material. After these bands came other bands such as The Peace, The Crisis, The Move, Metal Cross and Zenith. They also went on to produce their own records.

The scene was set for the bands and artists to record and perform their original compositions and there was also a change in direction in relation to the music that newer bands were producing. Newaz is considered to be the first hard-rock band and released their debut album in 1991. This was shortly followed by Cobweb releasing their debut album called Anjaan in 1993. They are still active and releasing albums, although they are mostly confined to pub concerts. A few years later in 1995, Milestone, a band from Pokhara, released their debut album. The first track out of that album,Adhuro Prem, is the first metal-based original song by a Nepali band. The music video for this song was broadcast on national televisions.

In the late 1990s, a few songs from the band Drishty (formed by Iman B. Shah while he was in the US) hit the FM airwaves on a few rock shows. While in the US, Drishty recorded two albums in the bedroom studio setup by Iman B. Shah, but none of the albums were formally released. Mukti and Revival, which consisted one of the most senior rock and blues musicians, also releasedKalanki Ko Jam in 2000. In the same period, Robin n Looza: also made it big in the rock scene.

There were, of course, already lots of other regulars as well as "one gig" bands that were doing metal covers live. During the early and mid 1990s, a few Iron Maiden songs and Diamond Head's "Am I Evil" were concert staples. Almost every hard rock show would have those two songs played by at least one band. Many such bands have never been documented.

Nephop

In 2000 Rappaz Union (Sammy Samrat and Nirnaya) created the first Nepalese rap album in English. In 2003 Nurbu Sherpa released his debut album Nurbu Sherpa Representin' K.T.M.C. (Kathmandu City), the first Nepalese hiphop album recorded in the US, for which he was nominated for a Best Music Video award. In 2004 TheUNity (Aidray and Da69) brought out their first album Girish n TheUNity presents X with Girish (Gorkhali G). It included "Shes the Bomb", the music video of which was a major success in the local charts. Around 2003–2004, when commercial artists with remixing skills began to produce lyrics that appealed to the young urban Nepalese generation, the Nephop fanbase was fully established. Balen Shah released the underground rap album in 2005 with school friends. Then remixes like "Chyangba hoi chyangba" by The Unity (remix by DJ Raju) and "Chhundaina" by Nepsydaz (remix by DJ AJ) were increasing in popularity and became more commercialised, while other Nepalese rappers published their music underground, even though their audiences were usually Nepalese living in the US, UK and elsewhere.

In 2003 underground rapper Aroz, based in New York City, spearheaded the Nepalese underground hip hop movement through his website (now defunct) nephop.com. The term "Nephop" soon gained worldwide popularity and is accepted as referring to Nepalese hiphop in general.

In 2004 Aroz released his first underground single "Chudaina", produced by DJ AJ on nephop.com. In 2005 Nepsydaz had a commercial success as a rap group when they released their version of the same song. Aroz became "the most controversial" rapper, experimenting with dirty rap in his next single "Katti Khep Vannu". This had great success in the underground, after which he quickly released his next single, "Killin Terraces", which the New Urban Music Blog considered one of the best Nepalese political raps.

Aroz received some mainstream exposure after being featured in Nurbu Sherpa's single "Baby Gurl", from Nurbu's second album, Save Nepal. According to fursad.com, "Baby Gurl" was voted one of the top ten songs of 2008. Nurbu also featured Aroz and other underground rappers in his next single, "When I'm around",^[9] from his third album.

Guitar

Guitar music is a place where the elements of rhythm, tone, emotions, harmony, melody, poetry, preparation, solitude, friendship, intellect, physical training and spirituality all meet. It involves your spirit, your body, your heart and your mind, and it is both a solitary and a social act. It not only offers the player the pleasure of making music, but it also offers to the skilled the ability to actually change other people's thoughts and feelings. Just by doing something you love to do, you can impart profound things to others and give them something they value. Those who discover that they have this ability, who feel obliged to develop it and who use it generously, will experience a reward comprising not only the satisfaction of the act itself, but also an abstract pleasure in sharing and communicating with others through the language of music. There is an energy, a sense of purpose and a direction that it imparts to its practitioners that can give a gratifying sense of meaning in what threatens to seem like a meaningless world.

Only through a lifetime of music will you experience an understanding of all the aspects of the art, but a basic awareness and regular reminders of the existence of all these various ingredients that make up music will allow the student to progress more quickly toward a mastery of it. There is, as always, a price to pay, and there are responsibilities that come with having the power to change other's thoughts and feelings, and not all who set out on this learning path make it all the way through.

The essential element in the study of music is a love of music and an appreciation of its sacredness. Music is not something your hands or your voice do. It is not something your mind does. At its finest it is a transcendental state that involves all parts of you, and allows you to exist on the crest of a wave, in the exact moment of the present as you perform each part of the music. It is only there, in the present that we can truly live and have control over our lives, since the past and future are inaccessible to us. When you are deeply involved in music and when you have control of it, you can experience an excitement and a sense of well-being that is impossible to duplicate. The sensation of the pleasure of music making is the primary thing a student of music must focus on. If enough time is spent in joyous music making and if the desire to share and transmit this feeling is strong and sincere, the hands will train themselves and the voice will find its true expression. One cannot hurry the process­p; you must instead enjoy and cherish it as it slowly unfolds. There is an unfettered freedom in being a beginner that you may look back on fondly some day. The desire to be something other than what you are will impede your ability to grow, and the amount of pleasure that music brings is relatively constant. If you are not experiencing that pleasure and fulfillment as a student, then you must learn how to do that before you can go further. The magic that is music comes from such a place inside us. And any beginner can experience these sensations just as easily as the master. If not more easily.

Music

Music is the combination of different instruments creating a peaceful tone. The instruments such as guitar, drums etc are used in creating music. Since many decades people have shown passion in music because they think that music explains the things that even words cannot explain. Both Hindustani and Karnatak music use the system of ragas—sets of pitches and small motives for melody construction—and tala for rhythm. Ragas form a set of rules and patterns around which a musician can create his or her unique performance. Likewise, tala is a system of rhythmic structures based on the combination of stressed and unstressed beats. Within these rhythmic structures, musicians (1996.100.1) can create their own rhythmic patterns building off the compositional styles of others. Much of the music vital to indigenous people the world over is rich with percussion and is often led by the beat of the drum. Substantiating the intrinsic import of drums are countless oral traditions that personify the sound of the drum as the heartbeat of the earth, the rumble of thunder, or the pulse of life. The traditions found among the people of the Northern Plains of North America are no exception; whether addressing historic or contemporary times, the presence of the music of the drum is pervasive. While other instruments, such as whistles and rattles, can be used to augment the music of the Great Plains, the drum most often accompanies the human voice. Edward S. Curtis, the famed early twentieth-century photographer of the American West, captures the significance of the drum in his work Singing Deeds of Valor, a photogravure included in the 1906 publication of The North American Indian. The interdependence of the human voice and drum is reflected in the language used to refer to those who play the drum, as they are traditionally known as singers, not as drummers. The voice of the drum is joined with the voices of the singers to create the song.

One of the main differences between North Indian and South Indian music is the increased influence of Persian music and musical instruments in the North. From the late twelfth century through the rise of British occupation, North India was under the control of a Muslim minority that was never able to extend its sphere of influence to South India. During this time, the music of North India began to acquire and adapt to the presence of Persian language, music, and musical instruments, such as the setar, from which the sitar got its name; the kemancheh (1998.72) and santur, which became popular in Kashmir; and the rabab [alternately known as rebab and rubab], which preceded the sarod. New instruments were introduced, including the tabla and sitar (1999.399), which soon became the most famous Indian musical instruments worldwide. Legend has it that the tabla was formed by splitting a pakhavaj drum in half, with the larger side becoming the bayan and the smaller side the dahini. The barrel-shaped pakhavaj drum, which was the ancestor of both the tabla and the mrdangam, has been depicted in countless paintings and prints. New genres of music were formed as well, such as khyal and qawwali, that combine elements of both Hindu and Muslim musical practice.

Hindustani classical music is known largely for its instrumentalists, while Karnatak classical music is renowned for its virtuosic singing practices. Instruments most commonly used in Hindustani classical music are the sitar, sarod, tambura, sahnai, sarangi, and tabla; while instruments commonly used in Karnatak classical music include the vina, mrdangam, kanjira, and violin. The use of bamboo flutes, such as the murali, is common to both traditions as well as many other genres of Indian music. In fact, many of these instruments are often used in both North and South India, and there are many clear relationships between the instruments of both regions. Furthermore, often instruments that are slightly different in construction will be identified by the same name in both the south and the north, though they might be used differently. Whistles and rattles, when included as a part of music making, are not used purely for extra-musical affects. Rather, the presence of such instruments contributes to the symbolic meanings associated with the materials from which they were made, as well as the purpose of the song (89.4.597). For example, eagle-bone whistles are played during the Sun Dance to invoke the strength of the eagle and during the ceremonies of the Native American Church to call to the spirits. Some warrior societiesalso use eagle-bone whistles during specific communal dances, though only sparingly and with deliberate intentions. The Grass Dance whistle is used in much the same way, for specific use during the Grass Dance, a common element of many powwows (89.4.2058). 

Throughout its history, the peoples of India have developed numerous systems for classifying musical instruments, many of which were based on morphological characteristics. The ancient Hindu system divided instruments into four categories: stretched (strings; 2008.141.2a,b), covered (drums; 89.4.165), hollow (wind; 1986.12), and solid (bells;89.4.154). This system is widely known to be the inspiration for the Western system of instrument classification put forth by Mahillon in 1880, which renames these groups—chordophones, membranophones, aerophones, and idiophones—basing the distinction on the way in which sound is created and not exclusively on construction. Another instrument common to the people of the Northern Plains, along with most of North America, is the courting flute. Folklore states thatflutes were traditionally played by men to sway the affections of women, as reflected in the English translation for the instrument; however, it is played by both men and women in modern times. The courting flute is traditionally used strictly as a solo instrument (89.4.3371). Sacred music employs both large and small drums, dependent upon the occasion and number of participants. Drums employed for use in the context of a powwow are larger than those used for personal spiritual practice. Often referred to as hand drums or frame drums, those used for personal playing need only be large enough for one person to strike the head (89.4.560ab). During personal use, the practitioner holds the drum in one hand and the drumstick in the other. When singing with the drum at a powwow or other gathering, many people can strike the drum simultaneously, as it rests on a stand at the center of the group. Often the drumsticks used are long enough to allow numerous singers the opportunity to be involved. When singing in groups, two types of drums can be used, either those traditionally made with Native-tanned leather heads or commercially manufactured bass drums. In secular and sacred music alike, it is necessary for the sound of the drum to be heard by all involved as it is the voice that drives the music.

Both secular and sacred music exist among the people of the Northern Plains. The secular music comes in many forms, ranging from honoring songs that commemorate a person's life to dance songs for communal celebration of exhibition at powwows to the songs of gratitude for everyday life. The convention of powwow gathering is the most accessible venue of secular Plains Indian music today, though this was not always the case. Prior to Western European contact, and the forced migration of Indian people which began officially with the Indian Removal Act of 1830, only a few tribes, namely the Omaha and the Ponca, practiced the communal ritual known today as the powwow. Relocation of many tribes in the Northern Plains initiated cultural exchanges that resulted in the formation of the powwow as it exists today. Though historic trade routes attest to movement along the central corridor of the Americas as part of pre-Contact life, a degree of elective isolation fostered the development of idiomatic characteristics among the indigenous people of North America. With the development of technology and the advent of instruments and other sophisticated devices, music supposed to reach an all time high level. However, not all. As the boundaries of the universe are expand' the limits of music are also expanding. It's like whey see the sun touching the horizon and try to get as near the point where the sun touches the ground, you find further still, i.e., when we try to reach the limits of must we see that they go still further away from us.